ruby-core

Issue #16158 has been updated by duerst (Martin Dst).


I've had a hunch, and have now been able to confirm this hunch:

The problem must be related to the fact that there is a 'st' ligature (U+FB06) in Unicode. The problem occurs for all the other Latin ligatures just before U+FB06, i.e. for 'ff', 'fi', 'fl', 'ffi' 'ffl', long s with t, and st. It also occurs for the components of the Armenian ligatures just following, e.g.
```
$ ruby -ve 'pat = /(?<!a \u0574\u0576)\p{Space}/i'
ruby 2.7.0dev (2019-07-06T03:43:38Z trunk f296c260ef) [x86_64-cygwin]
-e:1: invalid pattern in look-behind: /(?<!a \u0574\u0576)\p{Space}/i
```
It doesn't occur for Hebrew ligatures:
```
$ ruby -ve 'pat = /(?<!a \u05D9\u05B4)\p{Space}/i'
ruby 2.7.0dev (2019-07-06T03:43:38Z trunk f296c260ef) [x86_64-cygwin]

```

My guess is that this is because Latin and Armenian have case conversion, but Hebrew doesn't. This would match with the fact that the error is only produced when matching is case-insensitive.


----------------------------------------
Bug #16158: "st" Character Sequence In Regex Look-Behind Causes Illegal Pattern Error When Combined With POSIX Bracket Expressions And Case Insensitivity Flag
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16158#change-81560

* Author: michaeltomko (Michael Tomko)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
* Assignee: 
* Target version: 
* ruby -v: ruby 2.7.0dev (2019-09-11 master 146677a1e7) [x86_64-openbsd6.5]
* Backport: 2.5: UNKNOWN, 2.6: UNKNOWN
----------------------------------------
*This is my first Ruby bug submission. Please let me know if there is anything else that I can provide that would be helpful. Thanks for your time!*

I've tried just about as many combinations as I can think of and I have been able to narrow down the issue to the following components being present in a regular expression.

* The character sequence "st" either preceded by any characters OR being a part of a top-level alternation inside of a look-behind. The issue occurs with both positive and negative look-behinds. ex: `(?<!Costa)` or `(?<!Bob|Sally|Stan)` or `(?<= st)`
* Case insensitivity either being set globally or inside of the regex with `(?i)` preceding the look-behind.
* Any curly-style POSIX bracket expression included anywhere in the regex. ex: `\p{Space}` or `\p{L}`

Here are some examples of the error. I have tested this on 2.5.0 locally and [on 2.5.3 with Rubular] (https://rubular.com/r/jnr98E9JfAZJIQ).

```
2.5.0 :044 > pat = /(?<!a st)\p{Space}/i
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError ((irb):44: invalid pattern in look-behind: /(?<!a st)\p{Space}/i)

2.5.0 :047 > pat = /(?i)(?<!a st)\p{Space}/
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError ((irb):47: invalid pattern in look-behind: /(?i)(?<!a st)\p{Space}/)

2.5.0 :016 > pat = /(?<!Costa)Mesa(\p{Space}|\p{Punct})+(AZ|Arizona)/i
Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError ((irb):16: invalid pattern in look-behind: /(?<=Costa)Mesa(\p{Space}|\p{Punct})+(AZ|Arizona)/i)
```

My expectation would be that this regular expression would compile as written, as it does in JRuby and in MacOS regex testing apps like Patterns or Reggy.

It does compile as expected if the case insensitivity flag is removed or instantiated after the look-behind, if the "st" character sequence is first in the look-behind and not apart of an alternation, or if different types of operators are substituted for the POSIX bracket expressions.


```
2.5.0 :007 > pat = /((?<!Cosa)Mesa|Arlington(?=([:space:]|[:punct:])+(AZ|Arizona)))/
 => /((?<!Cosa)Mesa|Arlington(?=(\p{Space}|\p{Punct})+(AZ|Arizona)))/

2.5.0 :008 > pat = /((?<!Cosa)Mesa|Arlington(?=([:space:]|[:punct:])+(AZ|Arizona)))/i
 => /((?<!Cosa)Mesa|Arlington(?=([:space:]|[:punct:])+(AZ|Arizona)))/i

2.5.0 :009 > pat = /((?<!Cosa)Mesa|Arlington(?=([:space:]|[:punct:])+(AZ|Arizona)))/i
 => /((?<!Cosa)Mesa|Arlington(?=(\s|\W)+(AZ|Arizona)))/i

2.5.0 :056 > pat = /(?<!a st)(?i)(?<!juice)\p{Space}/
 => /(?<!a st)(?i)(?<!juice)\p{Space}/

2.5.0 :058 > pat = /(?<!a st)(?i)(?<!stark)\p{Space}/
 => /(?<!a st)(?i)(?<!stark)\p{Space}/
```



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